Augmented A-matrices:

Many articles have been written on the use of two-by-two matrices for the representation of two-port or four-terminal networks. Computer design now makes such techniques seem laborious when CAD facilities are available. But many designers still do not have access to such advanced facilities and need powerful techniques to help them analyse their proposed circuits. The advantage of the techniques outlined in this paper is that, unlike standard matrix techniques, they may represent forwardbiased diodes as well as linear active or passive circuits.